The Court of Rome has annulled the only GDPR fine ever imposed on a generative-AI launch, holding that Italy’s Garante lost competence once OpenAI’s Irish establishment was recognised. A launch-period enforcement gap, and perhaps a question for the Court of Justice.

Discover how the forthcoming Europol reform is transforming the agency into an AI-enabled, infrastructure-driven model for European law enforcement, balancing operational integration with constitutional limits.

Meta’s new Incognito Chat with Meta AI is the first mass-market deployment of a chatbot the provider cannot read. We examine the architecture, the moderation trade-off, the liability consequence, and what it means for the Going Dark debate

The health agent rush may be the most consequential AI development of 2026. Yet, it has not received serious academic or regulatory attention. Until now.

Hundreds of millions of people confide their most intimate secrets to AI chatbots every day. The interface invites intimacy; the fine print reserves broad rights most users will never read. This first-of-its-kind study maps what really happens to your words across ChatGPT, Gemini, Claude, Grok, and DeepSeek. Read more

In his article published by the IAPP, Professor Christakis examines the “China data question” in greater depth, focusing on direct data collection, open-source deployment, and the limits of extraterritorial enforcement under EU law.

One year after “AI’s Sputnik moment,” the global regulatory response to DeepSeek has produced a starkly bifurcated outcome: constrained in the West, yet surging 960% worldwide. This comprehensive study documents the regulatory storm, unpacks the legal concerns, and confronts an uncomfortable truth about the limits of extraterritorial enforcement.

This study seeks to provide an overview of current progress in the designation of national competent authorities, and to analyse how national governance frameworks are being developed. The study shows that one week prior to the deadline, the majority of member states were behind schedule. A few draft governance frameworks, some of them unofficial, were announced. These present a centralised architecture for notifying authorities, but a fragmented one for market surveillance, with most authorities already identified.

September–October 2025 saw a surge of EU-level initiatives aimed at strengthening Europe’s AI governance, innovation, and digital infrastructure. From a sweeping plan to streamline digital rules, to new strategies supporting AI deployment and research, and finally to the expansion of Europe’s AI Factory network, the EU is laying the groundwork for the next phase of its AI ecosystem.

How do the AI Act and DSA collide in shaping Europe’s AI future? This paper uncovers hidden gaps in systemic risk oversight, exposing costly “over-assessment” that stifles innovation. By calling for smarter, simplified regulation, it argues for a path that safeguards rights without derailing AI progress in the EU. The analysis offers a blueprint for balancing accountability with competitiveness in the digital era.

With the majority of obligations for general-purpose AI (GPAI) models set to take effect on 2 August 2025 (AI Act, Chapter V, Art. 53), the European Commission has published the long-awaited GPAI Code of Practice on 10 July 2025. The document—developed by independent experts—serves as voluntary guidance to help GPAI providers prepare for compliance under the EU AI Act. It focuses on three key areas: Copyright, Transparency, and Safety & Security.

In a decisive move early on July 1, the U.S. Senate voted 99–1 to pass an amended version of the One Big Beautiful Bill (OBBBA), stripping out a controversial provision that would have blocked state-level regulation of artificial intelligence. The amendment, introduced by Sen. Marsha Blackburn (R-TN), eliminated a proposed 10-year moratorium that had tied state compliance to access to federal funds.